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Brownsville, Texas:

This project involved a cluster of anencephaly cases in Brownsville, Texas.  It was hypothesized that those fatal birth defects came about as a result of exposure to toxic chemical emissions originating at a group of maquiladoras in Matamoros, Mexico.  We developed air emissions inventories for the maquiladoras.  We then reconstructed the resulting ambient air toxic chemical concentrations in Brownsville during the period 1989-1992.  A complex air dispersion modeling technique was utilized to estimate those toxic chemical exposures.

The emission inventory that was developed represented total toxic chemicals emitted from 48 separate facilities.  They included industrial facilities in Matamoros, two industrial facilities in Brownsville with "twin plant" operations in Matamoros, and the municipal dump located on the southern edge of Matamoros.  Emissions inventories were developed for several years; below is the emissions inventory for 1991.

Facility Total toxic chemical emissions (tons)
Aerotech 2.4
AT&T - Plant I & II 17
Auto Trim 39
Breed Automotive 78
Brownsville Rubber 19
Cepillos 60
Componentes Mecanicos 2,197
Condura - Plant I 39
Cooper 5.0
CTS 113
Daniel Matamoros (Danmasa) 0.8
Deltronicos 179
Dura/Wickes 5.0
Ensambladora 221
Fisher Price 5.7
Formitec 445
Gobar 10
Hunter Fan 11
Industrias Thompson (ITT) 0.7
Kearfott 2.0
Kemet - Plant I 316
Kemet - Plant II 6.8
Leece Neville 18
Lepco 1.9
LVI/KLH - Painting 0.2
Magnatek Brownsville 125
Magnetek Matamoros 87
Maquiladora General (Rohm & Haas) 134
Metales Federados 2.9
Neco/Sunbeam 50
Porta Systems 2.1
Productos de Preservacion 0.6
Puertas y Vidrios 1.0
Quimica Fluor 165
Ranco 39
Remir 987
Stepan 155
Summit Componentes 84
Teccor #1 2.0
Teccor #2 16
Terralta 0.6
Trico Brownsville 0.5
Trico Matamoros 135
Victoreen 3.3
Zenith (Electropartes) 547
Matamoros City Dump 9,707
Total 16,038

The "toxic chemical cloud" which resulted from these emissions was a complex combination of pollutants which included aromatic compounds like styrene, toluene and xylene; polynuclear aromatic compounds such as benzo (a) pyrene, dibenz (a,h) anthracene, benzo (b) fluorathane, and crysene; chlorinated hydrocarbons like vinyl chloride, trichloroethane, and trichlorotrifluoroethane; dioxins and furans, including 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, and lead; and acid gases like sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and hydrogen fluoride.  Many of the constituents that made up the toxic chemical cloud have the potential to adversely impact human health.

A graph was created showing the 24-hour average concentrations of total toxic chemicals at the Cameron County, Texas, Courthouse during 1991.  The graph is shown below:

Impact of Matamoros Toxic Chemical Cloud


Stone Lions Environmental Corporation
655 Deep Valley Drive #303
Rolling Hills Estates, CA 90274
Phone: (310) 377-6677
Fax: (310) 377-1172
e-mail: info@stonelions.com
website: www.stonelions.com